Mechanical Bench Vise

Hello!!

I'm going to talk to you about the mechanical bench vices today.


What is mechanical bench vise?

It is mounted on a table and serves to fix the parts to be processed. The clamped part does not slip due to the jagged in the vise jaw.
Vices,in the market, measure according to the jaw opening. For instance, when say that is the vice has 200 mm jaw opening, it means maximum jaw opening distance. If you know the size of the largest piece you'll tie, you can choose the vice as the jaw opening will cover this part. There are three types of vices; The most important of these is the bench vise.

Some properties of bench vise

• It can be attached to a table, stand or machine table.
• It is fixed because it is not moved.
• Almost any kind of material can be connected to it.
• It gives a very strong tightening.
• There is a threaded shaft attached to a handle arm.
• When we rotate the arm clockwise, we will obtain tightening. In this situation, we loosen it in the opposite direction. 
• The port in the jaws are of warded construction and can be removable and mountable. *

It's okay here. Let's look at the mechanical bench vise I'm drawing now! 😋

 Here is the vice's body

 The other piece of the jaw

 Guide lever

TAA-DAAAA!! I put the pieces in place! Here is the last picture of the mechanical bench vise.

I've upload my work here. You can download it.

C ya.

Nuts & Bolts

Hi, there!!

Pausing my drawings a few days because of the my master thesis. But i'm again here with a new and amusing issue.  Okey. I will commence to talk about nuts and bolts immediately! Alright. Initially, we must talk what's the nuts and bolts?

Bolts are the most widely used resolvable machine elements. The bolt is made by pulling a screw into a cylindrical bar. In principle it is obtained by helically wrapping a profile on a cylinder with equal pitch.The wedge effect is utilized in the anchoring process.  Moreover, screws are the easiest way of the spinning motion translate to forward. The screws are normally right helical. In this circumstances, when the nut is turned clockwise in the bolt  the connection is tightened, otherwise it is loose. The bolts and nuts run on the principle of force connection. Generally, forces of tension and compression in the axial direction compel the bolts.They are operated under tension forces(*).

What is the tension force?
We come to the most important issue that a material engineer should know. It is a common term used in strength calculations. Okay, but what is this?

Let's think of a simple bar. We will load forces which is  parallel to the axis of the bar, equally magnitude and opposite to each other on both ends of this bar. If we want to calculate the tension in this bar according to the accepted method of sectioning, we will have to take a section from where the bar will be calculated. Let's take this section perpendicular. We will take into section the external force that affect. Thus, we will get  single internal force impacting on parpendicular to the section. According to the equilibrium of the internal forces, the reaction force  will be produced against  action force.  And both will be the same magnitude. This tensile force pair will compel the two surfaces of the cross section to seperate from each other, ie to pull one from the other. According to this compulsion, materials exhibit different fracture. We classify the materials as ductile / brittle according to shape of fracture. If the material shows elastic deformation and suddenly fracture, is brittle. But if material demonstrates waisting and plastic deformation, is ductile.

Let's go back.
Advantages and disadvantages of bolts&nuts
• Highly reliable operation
• Repeatedly removable and installable
• It is very easy to supply because it is completely standardized
• Manufacturing is easy and cheap
• Easy to replace
• Stress accumulation occurs due to geometry
• Sensitivity is not sufficient in some applications
• Thawing can be prevented, but loosening can not be avoided(**).


The bolts are classified according to the German Standardization Institute(DIN). Generally, St37, St42 and St70 steels are used. These steels are named according to the tensile strength. That is, the strength of St 37 steel in the 1 mm2 cross-sectional area is 37 kP / mm2 or about 370 N / mm2. Materials such as Al alloy, brass, teflon, polyamide are also used for various purposes bolts. If there is no big force in the manufacture of the bolts, St37 steel is usually used. St37 is a plain carbon steel.

About plain carbon steel
Low carbon steels involves cover the greatest amount of world steel production. Low carbon steel are used  bolts, nuts, reformable machine parts and in construction sectors. The steels in this group are steel containing 0.20% carbon.  In addition to,  this steel also include components such as very few amount of  Mn, Si, P, S. Their mechanical properties are limited. They are cheap and easy to shape. Their hardening ability is low.

It's okay here. Now let's look at my drawings.

 6 corners shafts 

Right-helix

How are we going to squeeze these machine elements?
Tightening and unscrewing of the bolt connections is done with a spanner or screwdriver. Wrenchs and screwdrivers are called according to heads or ends. I has draw a fork spanner and a flat screwdriver here.

 Flat Screwdriver

Fork Spanner

The files are here.

I also want to you see my little friend who accompanies my studies. 😊

C ya. 😊😍💜😽

Hobs..

Hey!
Hello again. Today, we will talk about hobs. :)

What's milling?
Milling is a process which made by removing the sawdust from the workpiece. It provides that made by linear motion with a multi-tip tool rotating around its axis. In today's milling process, the tool can move to the workpiece in almost every direction. The cutting tool has many cutting edges and each edge has a certain amount of chip removal capacity.The advantages of the milling machine are high machining efficiency, good surface quality, precision and flexibility in shaping.Milling is a process usually used for machining plane surfaces, upright corner and channels.

Process the material
If you want to process a material, you should choose a cutter that is suitable for your material. So, you should use a harder cutting tool from your material. Okay? Therefore, the cutting tool material is very important in terms of machinability. Cutting tools developed with technology is favorable for our work in many applications. But the main feature expected from cutting tool material is the higher movement rate at higher cutting speeds. The cutting tool must have high abrasion resistance, high toughness and high red hardness in order to be able to do this. Despite the diversity of cutting tool materials, the most commonly used tool materials are HSS (high speed steels) and carbides.* But ... High-speed steels are not as hard as carbide, although they are much toughness than carbides.  In addition, it prolongs process time. Alright! How should  material of cutting?


Required features at a cutting tip

• High hardness. (Low hardness causes the tool profile to deteriorate.The tool tip will be deformed.The tool material must be harder than the hardest component of the workpiece)
• High durability
• High wear resistance 
• High fatigue resistance 
• It must be compatible with the sawdust (ie, must not occur a reaction between the sawdust and the cutting tip during process.)
• Low Expansion Amount
• High elastic module (If elastic modulus increases, stiffness increases. So, the higher the elastic modulus, the less deformed it becomes. I do not wanna change the tweening of cutting tip during the process. Otherwise, How can i handle to the workpiece?)
• High thermal shock resistance (Rapid heating and cooling occurs during process. Cutter tip must be resistance this.)
• High toughness (Cutter tip must not to be affected by mechanical shocks which occurs during the process)

As you can see, there are many features and it is still difficult and expensive to find them together in today's technology. For example diamond, the queen of cutting tools, has narrow application area cause of is expensive despite carrying a majority of these features. We needed to find an alternative to this and we produced high speed steels. But I said up there. It will spend your time. We need to find something more optimal.

Here it is,

We had to find a cheap cutting tip to replace the diamond. And these are carbides. Imagine abrasion resistance of carbides which is thought to replace diamonds. Moreover, the life of carbides is longer than HSS. So our hero are carbides.  :) 95% of the cutting tools produced from carbides are tungsten carbide-based.

What is Tungsten Carbide? (WC)

The general composition of the Co-Cr-W alloy, referred to as Tungsten's most widely used Stellite; 38-46% Co, 25-35% Cr, 4-25% W and 1-3% C. The hardness of the alloy ranges from 40-60 HRC depending on the ratio of tungsten and carbon. No heat treatment is required. This alloy has features such as high hardness, high wear, oxidation and corrosion resistance and excellent red hardness. The combination of these properties makes this alloy using suitable as cutting tip at the milling machine.

Metallurgical references belong to me:) Alright. We are now passing this issue. Let's come to my drawings. I designed cutter tips which has several different geometries at Solidworks.

VOILAA!!

I have uploaded  my studies this link. You can download and look at it. ^^

C ya.

*Barkın B., 2005, Cnc Freze Tezgahlarında Kullanılan Karbür Parmak Freze Takımı Geometrisinin İşlenebilirliğe Etkilerinin İncelenmesi, Marmara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Makine Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, s.6-12

From where to where..

The only significant parts that use the vehicle's on site contact is tires. It's made of a combination rubber, steel wires and chemical supplies. It allows the load and the vehicle to be transported through the air that is pushed into the tire.
The working principle of tires can be described as simply defeating the frictional force by means of a rotary motion with an axle. In order to be able to make a turning motion on a surface, tires are absolutely necessary to be exposed to gravitational force or another external force.

Do not take serious that this was done before. Never give up to enhance.

The back zone of tire is the part of contact to road. When the tire became age, traction is reduced. Over time, the pattern on tire wears out and becomes unusable. Tread depth is very important for this reason (reference , available online: 11.01.2017)

On the other hand, over the world, over 15 million tonnes of rubber are produced annually; About one of three which is natural rubber. And two out of three is artificial (synthetic) rubber. Rubber is actually a tree name. The material obtained from this tree ( it's name is latex and it's natural rubber) has been used in the industry. Because of the use of natural rubber a lot, the synthetic rubber was obtained by the Germans in 1906 so as to procure the rubber at a very cheap and abundant quantity.

Where is it used?

The use of rubber has increased dramatically with the development of highway transport.  Rubber was first used in bicycle wheels. Then, it was used in the wheels of trucks,planes,tractors and similar vehicles. Apart from these, rubber are used in many different sectors such as waterproof clothing, toys, upholstery materials,blow-up beds etc.

Why is it so much preferred?

The most important feature of rubber is that it has a high elasticity. It is dissolved in rubber naphtha, carbondissulfide, carbontetrachloride, turpentine, ether, gas oil, petrol and similar dissolving liquids. The rubber has properties such as softness, durability, elasticity, water and air impermeability, adhesion and resistance to electricity. Among the physical products, rubber is a very important product because of these properties (reference, available online: 11.01.2017).

Ok. That's enough information :) Now I should show you the tire of tractor which I have drawn at Solidworks.

There was a line before everything :D

     and the mirror command...

then I used revolve command to get bodies of tire

I must open a newplane on the bodies of tire. It's too important for treads.

.

then i created curves via spline command..

Using  extruded, extruded cut,circular pattern, chamfer and fillet commands..

I made a very vibrant tire of tractor ^.^

If you want to follow my commands, I have uploaded my solidworks part in this link.

C ya.

Simple Pieces

Hi,

If you are new to SolidWorks like me, you can draw simple pieces to get used to the commands. Now I'm going to show you the simple pieces that I've drawn.

 You can draw by following the order on the left.

Click on the link for more: http://www.megafileupload.com/cqY2/ödev.pdf

c ya.

what a beatiful kamikaze :D

Hey hey!!

Now, I'm going to tell you about jet engines. Because I drew a simple jet engine in AutoCAD 3D. Before talk about the drawing, we must talk about what is mechanism of jet engines.

The jet engine squeezes the air from the atmosphere and burns it with fuel. This produces a pushing force in the reverse direction by rapidly blowing out the gases resulting from the heating. With this force, the vehicle to which the motor is connected is allowed to move. These motors have been developed in accordance with Newton's laws of motion. According to this law; Each effect produces a response of equal magnitude and reversal.

If you ask the question of what is the power to fly, we immediately say engine. This answer is correct but incomplete. There are many factors that push it forward. The movement of a plane is basically by increasing the momentum. The mentioned momentum increase is provided by these:

•   By compressing a turbojet engine air first and then expanding it by heating,
•   By accelerating the air backward with a propeller,
•   Modern, high by-pass turbojet engines are obtained partly by expansion in the turbine and partly by propeller speeding.

Propeller transforms the mechanical energy produced by the internal combustion engine or the turbo engine to pulling force by the way of the air mass accelerating  in the direction opposite to the direction of the aircraft. The propeller is actually a straight or sprung wing section (airfoil). The reason for being twisted and thinning is to create a uniformly distributed thrust throughout the propeller. Because the flow of air flows over the propeller, its maximum velocity is at the tip. In this case, when a fixed section propeller is used at high speed, it causes major problems at the tip.*

*This informations are from turkish magazine which is Hezarfen Aviation Magazine. You can connect to this link  (available online: 08.01.2017)

Okey. Now we can look my drawing.

My wings of the propeller is here. Firstly i draw the wings, then i wielded polar array command. It has 21 wings.

Top view of wings ^__^

Then, I made four circles on the wings to form the house of the propeller

 Turn it around a bit. yeppa.

 And with the LOFT command... Our work is about end :)

YİİİPPAAAAA!!! It finished!! I always use the layers. Do you know why? It always makes my job easier.

 c ya. 

Roll and roll

Steels that can be deepened in hardness by water are called tempered steels. These steels are produced for use in machine production. The most important difference of these steels from the production steels is that they are deeply (fully) hardenable steels. Bearing steels are also included in this group.

What is AISI?
The best thing to do to understand a thing is to classify it. Classifying according to the alloy element and physical, mechanical, chemical properties etc., makes our work easier. For this reason I call AISI is the identity card of the materials.

What about the AISI E 52100?
It is a steel alloy type containing high carbon and chromium. It is usually used in bearings. The process is easy. Carbon ratio is 0.980 - 1.10%. If you want more, you can look for ID Card :) (available online 06.01.2017)

Okey. That's enough metallurgy. Now I can tell you why I'm talking about the ball-bearing  Firstly my license thesis was on the mechanical behavior of the ball-bearing steels at high temperatures. Maybe,for this reason I have a special interest. But here I will tell you about my drawings. Yeah. I drew a roller in Autocad 3d.

Firstly I sketched the sections and then I made the bearing house with the revolve command

I used the layers. I used pink and purple hue as it's girls colours :)

I'm angry about idea that engineering is just male business. Is just male business? Oh, really? Womans can do everything!

TAAA-DAAAAAAA!!!! 

We got a cute ball-bearing.

Turn and turn!

Hey!
I think my autocad works are better than my solidworks works. Cause of this, solidworks is more complex than autocad or I'm hard put to do Solidworks. I don't know the reason! But I will learn Solidworks anyway, this part are from Autocad and it has two dimension.

Guess what is this?

Have a nice trip :))

3d Printer

Hi,
It's my first solidworks job. You can access here-->  https://grabcad.com/library/3d-printer-with-interchangeable-parts-1

Are the hinges settle? NOOOOO!!! It made me mad! -____-

Are you seeing? Mate is always trouble for me :(

but part of Z was very entertaining.